授業科目の内容

The purpose of this roundtable-style seminar course is to provide an introductory opportunity to learn about the causes and consequences of social stratification, inequality and international migration in Japan and beyond. The two instructors offer this course. Takenoshita will introduce theories of social stratification and inequality and discuss the institutional arrangements of stratification and inequality in contemporary Japan. To consider how the issues of inequality are associated with international migration, he will also discuss the mechanisms by which family formation processes depend on inequality structures. From this perspective, he will shed light on the roles of declining fertility in shaping international migration. Kanari Silverman will shift the theme of this course from stratification and inequality to international migration. To do so, he will examine the macro-level impact of immigration on overall inequality in the destination society by focusing on political, sociological, and economic factors, as well as the possible mismatch between perception and empirical data. He will also study patterns of inequality among immigrant groups themselves by examining the roles of education and skills on migrant outcomes, including employment, mobility, and social integration. The course concludes with student presentations on a chosen aspect of immigration and inequality.

第1回講義内容
Session 1. An introduction to immigration and inequality Lecturer: Takenoshita Required Readings (RR): Blau, Peter and Otis Dudley Duncan. 2014 “The process of stratification” in Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective, edited by David Grusky, 506-517. Routledge.

第2回講義内容
Session 2. Does immigration suppress wages? Exploring the nexus of migrant labor and anti-immigrant attitudes Lecturer: Kanari Silverman Required Reading (RR): Peri, Giovanni. 2013. “Immigration, Native Poverty, and the Labor Market.” In Immigration, Poverty, and Socioeconomic Inequality, edited by Card, David and Steven Raphael, 29-59. Russell Sage. Optional Readings (OR): Paskov, Marii, Patrick Präg and Lindsay Richards. 2021. “Does downward social mobility make people more hostile towards immigrants?” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 72. Discussion Topics (DT): How are the effects of immigrant labor felt differently among industrial sectors, class groups, and other socio-economic categories in destination societies? Which groups stand to benefit most from immigrant labor? If immigrant labor has a negligible effect on native wages, what explains the rise of anti-immigrant attitudes? Drawing from comparative data, we will examine how perceptions of immigration’s effect on native employment may contradict its net economic benefits.

第3回講義内容
Session 3. Inequality of educational opportunity Lecturer: Takenoshita RR: Lareau, Annette. 2014 “Unequal childhoods: Class, Race, and Family life” in Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective, edited by David Grusky, 1013-1022. Routledge. RR: Jackson, Michelle. 2014 “Determined to Succeed” in Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective, edited by David Grusky,562-568. Routledge. DT: What shapes the inequality of educational opportunities?

第4回講義内容
Session 4. Labor market inequality in Japan Lecturer: Takenoshita RR: Imai, Jun. 2011 “The limit of equality by company citizenship” in Japan’s New Inequality: Intersection of Employment Reform and Welfare Arrangements, edited by Yoshimichi Sato and Jun Imai. Trans Pacific Press. OR: Estevez-Abe, Margarita. 2001 “Social protection and the formation of skills: A reinterpretation of the welfare state” in Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, edited by Peter Hall and David Soskice, 145-183. Oxford University Press

第5回講義内容
Session 5. Gender inequality Lecturer: Takenoshita Readings: Cibattari, Teresa. 2016 “Chapter 9 Family work” in Sociology of Families: Change, Continuity, and Diversity, Teresa Cibattari, Sage. DT: We discuss gender inequality in family and work responsibilities in Japan and other countries.

第6回講義内容
Session 6. Marriage and Family in East Asia Lecturer: Takenoshita Readings: Raymo, James et al. 2015 “Marriage and Family in East Asia” Annual Review of Sociology 41: 471-92.

第7回講義内容
Session 7. Migrant deskilling Lecturer: Kanari Silverman RR: Alboim, Naomi, Ross Finnie, and Ronald Meng. 2005. “The Discounting of Immigrants’ Skills in Canada: Evidence and Policy Recommendations.” IRPP Choices 11 (2): 2-26. OR: Tan, George and Andreas Cebulla. 2023. “When what you have is not enough—Acquiring Australian qualifications to overcome non-recognition of overseas skills.” International Migration 61: 175-195. DT: What is migrant deskilling and how does it contribute to inequality? What are some of the ways that barriers to migrant labor integration (informational asymmetry, discrimination and bias, and professional protectionism) can be addressed by foreign qualification recognition strategies (FQRs)? We will learn from ongoing efforts in Canada and Australia to promote the acceptance of migrants’ education, training, and skills as being of equivalent value in the destination society.

第8回講義内容
Session 8. Immigration and mobility in the United States Lecturer: Kanari Silverman RR: Alejandro Portes and Rubén G. Rumbaut. 2024. “Making It in America: Education, Occupation, and Entrepreneurship.” In Immigrant America: A Portrait, 114-148. University of California Press. OR: Smith, Robert C. 2024. “Introduction: Dreams Achieved and Denied.” In Dreams Achieved and Denied: Mexican Intergenerational Mobility, 29-75. Russell Sage. DT: How do modes and contexts of reception impact immigrants’ labor integration and, consequently, their chances for mobility in the world’s largest immigration destination? How do these differ among immigrant groups? What do you think are the most significant factors that determine immigrants’ chances for success in the US? In addition to the readings, we will examine recent census data to better understand the roles of other variables, such as legal status, linguistic fluency, and social capital.

第9回講義内容
Session 9. Patterns of immigrant inequality in Japan Lecturer: Kanari Silverman RR: Chiavacci, David. 2016. “Migration and integration patterns of new immigrants in Japan.” In Social Inequality in Post-Growth Japan: Transformation During Economic and Demographic Stagnation, edited by Chiavacci, David and Carola Hommerich, 256-274. Taylor & Francis. OR: Shin, Hwaji. 2011. “Colonial legacy of ethno-racial inequality in Japan.” In Contention and Trust in Cities and States, edited by Hanagan, Michael and Chris Tilly, 61-76. Springer. DT: What determines the outcomes of inequality among immigrants in Japan? What are the historical, structural, and institutional factors undergirding these outcomes? Given Japan’s embedded barriers, how have certain group members overcome these to become “success stories” in Japan? What do you think these factors that have determined inequalities mean for new immigrant groups arriving in Japan in the current era?

第10回講義内容
Session 10. Immigration and mobility in Japan Lecturer: Kanari Silverman RR: Takenaka, Ayumi, Makiko Nakamuro and Kenji Ishida. 2016. “Negative Assimilation: How Immigrants Experience Economic Mobility in Japan.” International Migration Review 50(2): 506-533. OR: Ivory, Tristan. 2022. “Bifurcated incorporation and migrant social mobility in Japan.” International Migration 61: 305-319. DT: What is “negative assimilation” and how does it manifest in Japan? What are some key differences between groups (e.g., Asian vs. Western immigrants) and visa status (e.g., skilled vs. unskilled) in Japan? How are these patterns different from “positive assimilation” associated with Western destination societies? Additionally, what are some differences in the ways that foreign credentials impact mobility in Japan when compared to the Western cases (e.g., Canada) we studied earlier?

第11回講義内容
Session 11. Inequality and Japan’s Second-Generation Lecturer: Kanari Silverman RR: Takenoshita, Hirohisa, Yoshimi Chitose, Shigehiro Ikegami and Eunice Akemi Ishikawa. 2014. “Segmented Assimilation, Transnationalism, and Educational Attainment of Brazilian Migrant Children in Japan.” International Migration 52(2): 84-99. OR: Ishida, Kenji. 2018. “The Status Attainment Structure for Immigrants in Japan: An Empirical Analysis Comparing Native Japanese with First- and Second-Generation Immigrants.” ISS Discussion Paper Series, University of Tokyo. DT: What is “segmented assimilation” and how does it manifest in Japan? How do contexts of reception impact educational advancement for second-generation Brazilians in Japan? And how does this compare with native-stock youth? This session will also feature our student presentations.

第12回講義内容
Session 12. Student Presentation Lecturer: Takenoshita and Kanari Silverman What instructors expect students to do is to choose topics related to issues of inequality and immigration, review any articles that discuss your concerns and interests, and discuss them.

その他の学習内容
　　・課題・レポート

成績評価方法

Reading Reflection Notes 64 (8 notes x 8 points each = 72 total)
If students miss a session despite submitting their reading notes, they will not gain the point.
Student Presentations 26 (15 research + 8 organization + 5 relevance = 28 total)
Participation in discussion 10

テキスト（教科書）※教科書は変更となる可能性がございます。

We will provide registered students with online access to assigned articles through K-LMS or other platforms.

受講上の要望、または受講上の前提条件

Students may want to use their own laptops or other devices, such as iPads or tablets, to see handouts or slides distributed through K-LMS.
Although we offer this course primarily in English, both instructors are fluent in Japanese. If you find it difficult to explain what you consider, you may want to speak Japanese. We assign some articles in English. Students are required to take notes on those assigned articles. We will let you know how to take notes on it during the first session, or post some videos in the LMS to explain it in advance. Students with any level of English fluency can take this course. We look forward to meeting you all.